Patient information
The following links contain information on what you can expect when coming to the clinic, or following a cancer diagnosis. This information has been collated with information from CHFT and also Macmillan cancer support.
Please click on the following links for further information, but if you require more specialised information please contact your Clinical Nurse Specialist.
Understanding Gynecologic Cancers and Their Symptoms
Gynecologic cancers affect the female reproductive system and include ovarian, endometrial (uterine), cervical, vulval, and vaginal cancers. Knowing the symptoms and when to seek help can make a big difference in early diagnosis and treatment.
Ovarian Cancer
What to look out for: Ovarian cancer can cause a range of symptoms that often appear together. These include:
- Persistent bloating
- Abdominal or pelvic pain
- Feeling full quickly or loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Tests and diagnosis:
- A blood test called CA125 can help detect signs of ovarian cancer and is available through your GP.
- If CA125 levels are raised or symptoms continue, an ultrasound scan (often done vaginally) may be used to look at the ovaries.
- A biopsy (taking a small tissue sample) is needed to confirm the diagnosis and is done in hospital.
Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer
Main symptom: Unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, is the most common sign.
Other possibilities: This type of bleeding can also be linked to cervical or ovarian cancer.
Diagnosis: An endometrial biopsy is usually done in hospital to check for cancer.
Cervical Cancer
Symptoms may include:
- Bleeding between periods
- Bleeding after sex
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain
Diagnosis: A biopsy is carried out in hospital. Regular smear tests (Pap tests) and HPV testing help detect cervical changes early.
Vulval Cancer
What to notice: Look out for:
- A lump or sore on the vulva
- Itching or redness
Diagnosis: A biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis and is done in hospital.
Vaginal Cancer
Symptoms: May include a lump or sore inside the vagina.
Diagnosis: Like other gynecologic cancers, a biopsy is required and is done in hospital.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any unusual symptoms especially bleeding that’s not normal for you, persistent pain, or changes in your body don’t wait.
Speak to your GP.
Many of these symptoms can be caused by conditions other than cancer, but it’s important to get checked to be sure.
