Larynx and Oropharyngeal cancer
Understanding These Cancers
Laryngeal (Larynx) Cancer
The larynx, often called the voice box, sits in your throat just above the windpipe. It contains your vocal cords, which allow you to breathe, speak, and make sounds.
Laryngeal cancer develops when some of the cells in this area begin to change in a way they shouldn’t. It is part of a wider group of conditions known as head and neck cancers.
Oropharyngeal Cancer
The oropharynx is the middle part of your throat, located just behind your mouth. This area includes your tonsils, the back of your tongue, the soft palate, and the side walls of your throat.
Oropharyngeal cancer occurs when cells in these tissues start to change and grow abnormally. The most common type is known as squamous cell cancer.
If your query is regarding an appointment at Huddersfield, please speak to our cancer care coordinator on 01484 347072. You will be offered an appointment with the local team once you have finished your treatment, for weekly support with your rehabilitation.
Common Symptoms
Laryngeal Cancer Symptoms
Everyone’s experience is different, but symptoms may include:
- Changes in your voice, such as hoarseness
- A lump or swelling in your neck or throat
- Difficulty or discomfort when swallowing
- Feeling short of breath
- Ongoing earache
These symptoms can often be linked to other, less serious conditions. However, if they last longer than three weeks, it’s a good idea to speak with your GP so they can check things over.
Oropharyngeal Cancer Symptoms
Common signs may include:
- A painless lump in the neck
- A sore throat or ongoing throat discomfort
- Difficulty swallowing or moving your mouth or jaw
- Earache
- Changes in your voice
- Bad breath
- Unexplained weight loss
Although these symptoms are often caused by everyday illnesses, it’s still important to get them checked by a doctor.
Causes and Risk Factors
Laryngeal Cancer
Some things may increase your risk, including:
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol use
- Breathing in certain chemicals (e.g., wood dust, paint fumes)
- Acid reflux
- A low intake of fruits and vegetables
Laryngeal cancer is more common in men and in people over 60.
Oropharyngeal Cancer
Key risk factors include:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV‑16
- Smoking
- Alcohol use
HPV‑related oropharyngeal cancers are becoming more common and may first appear as a neck lump, even before throat symptoms are noticed.
How these Cancers are diagnosed
If your GP or dentist thinks your symptoms need a closer look, they may refer you to a specialist. You may have tests such as:
- A gentle examination of your throat using a small scope
- A biopsy, where a tiny tissue sample is taken
- Scans such as a CT, MRI, or PET scan
- A nasendoscopy, using a thin camera passed through the nose
These tests help specialists understand what is happening and guide the next steps.
Treatment Options
Laryngeal Cancer Treatments
Your treatment plan will depend on the stage and size of the cancer. Options may include:
- Radiotherapy
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy (sometimes combined with radiotherapy)
Your healthcare team will work closely with you to create the plan that feels right for your situation.
Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatments
Treatment may involve:
- Surgery, sometimes including removal of lymph nodes
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
Often, these treatments are used together. Throughout your care, you’ll be supported by a team that may include dietitians, speech and swallowing therapists, and specialist nurses.
Living With and After Treatment
After treatment, you may need support with:
- Speech or swallowing rehabilitation
- Nutrition and eating comfortably
- Managing any side effects, such as changes to your voice
Many people find emotional and practical support from cancer charities and specialist nurses extremely helpful throughout recovery.
When to Seek Help
It’s a good idea to contact your GP if you notice:
- Persistent hoarseness or sore throat
- A lump in your neck
- Ongoing difficulty swallowing
- Any symptom that lasts longer than three weeks and worries you
Getting symptoms checked early can make a big difference to your treatment and recovery.